%%%%theapa.sty%%%%%%%%
%$$$ theapa.sty $$$ --- Version 2.5 .1(May 1992)
% by Young U. Ryu (young@emx.utexas.edu)
% `theapa' --- `the' `a'`p'`a'.
% APA (American Psychology Association) Reference Citation for (AmS)LaTeX
%
% - Supported by `theapa.bst' Version 2.5
% - For Plain TeX, use `theapa.tex'.
% - They are available from:
% anonymous@ftp.cc.utexas.edu
% pub/young
% Based on the {\it Publication Manual of the American Psychology Association},
% Third Edition, Fifth Printing, February 1988.
% copyright (C) 1991, 1992.
% Young U. Ryu
% newapa.sty 2.0 - 1991.
% Young U. Ryu
% newapa.sty - copyright (C) 1989, 1990.
% Stephen N. Spencer
% apalike.sty - copyright (C) 1986, 1988.
% Susan King and Oren Patashnik
% ulem.sty - copyright (C) 1989.
% Donald Arseneau
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE READ ALL THE FOLLOWING UPDATE & TUTORIAL NOTES %
% ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ BEFORE YOU REQUEST IMPROVEMENTS.%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% List of User Commands
%
% Citation (Auto Switch: Full -> Short)
% - \cite, \citeA, \citeauthor, \citeyear
% Enforce Full Citation
% - \fullcite, \fullciteA, \fullciteauthor
% Enforce Short Citation
% - \shortcite, \shortciteA, \shortciteauthor
% Change Citation Functuations
% including Quotation Marks around Article Titles
% - \citepunct
% Change Citation Labels
% - \citelabels
% Underline instead of Italic
% - \UnderlinedBemOnly, \UnderlinedEm
% Reference and Bibliography Names
% - \refname, \bibname
% Do not Place Comma before \& in Ref. Sec. When no. of Authors = 2
% - \NoCommaBetweenTwoAuthors
% IF YOU ARE A NEW USER, IT'S NOT NECESSARY TO READ UPDATE NOTES;
% INSTEAD, READ THE TUTORIAL NOTES.
% Version 2.5.1 Update Notes (May 1992)
%
% - A bug in \nocite#1 is fixed.
% - A bug in theapa.bst 2.5 is fixed.
% Version 2.5 Update Notes (April 1992)
%
% - Citation macros are rewritten and simplified.
% \cite, \citeA, \citeauthor
% \fullcite, \fullciteA, \fullciteauthor
% \shortcite, \shortciteA, \shortciteauthor
% \citeyear
%
% \citeB, \citeC, \fullciteB, \fullciteC, \shortciteB, and
% \shortciteC are dropped. But, to maintain compatibility
% with Version 2.4:
%
% \citeB = \citeA (also full and short versions)
% \citeC = \citeauthor (also full and short versions)
%
% - \BUcase is dropped. It means that BibTeX always
% changes cases of article titles.
% Thus, \NoTitleCaseChange is dropped.
% If you don't want to change cases of article titles,
% see Version 2.5 Update Notes in `theapa.bst'.
%
% - APA section heading macros are re-written.
% \theapasectioning is dropped.
% Refer to the Tutorial Notes [5].
%
% - Three types of seriations are provided:
% seriate env.
% APAenumerate env.
% APAitemize env.
% Refer to the Tutorial Notes [6].
% Version 2.4 Update Notes (April 1992)
%
% - In Ref. Sec. (not in citations):
% ^^^^^^^^^
% Bond, J., & Chen, S. (1983). blah blah blah
% ^
% comma is placed before \BBA (i.e. usually \&) even if
% no. of authors = 2. (a req. of APA)
% If you don't want such commas, use command \NoCommaBetweenTwoAuthors.
% - \cite<optional predix note>[optional postfix note]{keys}
% is implemented.
% The above is same as \fullcite and \shortcite.
% - \nocite{aaa,bbb} makes following \cite{aaa}, \cite{bbb}, etc. short.
% But, \nocite{*} does not make following \cite{...} short.
% Version 2.3 Update Notes (March 1992)
%
% - theapa.bst 2.3 == theapa.bst 2.2
% - A few mistakes in notes and comments are corrected.
% - The following is updated:
% \citeA{...}, \citeB{...}, and \citeC{...} (together with
% full and short versions) result in:
%
% author1, author2, and author3 (year)
% ^^^
% while \cite{...} (together with full and short versions) results in:
%
% (author1, author2, & author3, year)
% ^
% The above is a requirement of the APA style.
%
% - Thus, \citepunct changed. See note [3].
% With \citepunct, one may change the default `&' and `and' to others.
% Version 2.2 Update Notes (March 1992)
%
% - theapa.sty 2.2 == theapa.sty 2.1
% But, theapa.bst is improved.
% See update notes in `theapa.bst'.
% Version 2.1 Update Notes
%
% \thebibliography and chapter
% - \thebibliography generates a chapter heading
% when chapter is defined (e.g., report, book, etc),
% but \theapasectioning is not used.
% - Note: \def\refname{Reference}
% `Reference' is the section title
% \def\bibname{Bibliography}
% `Bibliography' is the chapter title
%
% Other Updates
% - \notitlecasechange (of Version 2.0) is changed
% to \NoTitleCaseChange for the purpose of readability.
%
% Some Bugs Fixed
% - \thebibliography is fixed.
% No more `TeX capacity exceeded' error when
% \theapasectioning is used
% Version 2.0 Update Notes (Nov. 1991)
%
% `ulem.sty' (1989) by Donald Arseneau is included
% - Underlined book titles, etc. are optionally allowed.
% - The general replacement of emphasized texts by
% underlined texts is optionally allowed.
% - See note [7] B.
%
% Same author, different years
% - \cite{Apt,MinA,MinB,Bond}
% ===> (Apt, 1989; Minsky, 1967, 1983; Bond, 1991)
% - \citeB{Apt,MinA,MinB,Bond}
% ===> Apt (1989), Minsky (1967, 1983), Bond (1991)
% - \citeC{Apt,MinA,MinB,Bond} or \citeauthor{Apt,MinA,MinB,Bond}
% ===> Apt, Minsky, Bond
%
% Automatic switch from full cites to short cites
% - According to the APA manual, the very first citation of
% a reference item requires the full list of authors; but
% following citations of the same reference item require
% the short list of authors.
% - \cite, \citeA, \citeB, \citeC (or \citeauthor)
% ===> switches from full to short cites automatically
% - \fullcite, \fullciteA, etc.
% ===> enforces full citations
% - \shortcite, \shortciteA, etc.
% ===> enforces short citations
% - note: \citeyear ===> (year, year, ...)
% There are no full or short versions of \citeyear
%
% Case changing option for article titles.
% - See note [7] A.
%
% Quotation marks around article titles
% - Though the APA manual does not suggest to place
% double quotation marks around article titles,
% some people like it.
% - In that case, a comma (or period) following article
% titles must be placed inside quotation marks.
% - It can be done by `\citepunct'.
% See note [3].
%
% Some Bugs Fixed
% - \theapasectioning replaces for \newapasectioning
% - \paragraph replaces for \a@paragraph
% - \subparagraph replaces for \a@subparagraph
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% SEE THE FOLLOWING TUTORIAL NOTES.
% 1 - theapa.bst and \bibitem entry
% 2 - citation formats
% 3 - changing citation functions (if you want)
% 4 - changing citation labels (if you want)
% 5 - enforcing APA style section heading (if you want)
% 6 - APA style seriations
% 7 - notes (including things not implemented and to be implemented)
%
%%%%%
% [0] Three Parts
%
% This file consists of three parts:
% Part I - APA Style Citation
% Part II - Optional APA Style Section Heading and Seriation
% Part III - Underline Stuff
%
% - Part I and Part II are completely independent.
% - If one does not declare \UnderlinedBemOnly or \UnderlinedEm,
% Part I and Part III are independent.
% - If one replaces \ULine in Part II with \underbar (or \underline)
% Part II and Part III are independent.
%
% - You may remove independent parts without affecting others.
%
%%%%%
% [1] theapa.bst and \bibitem entry
%
% The ``theapa.bst'' BibTeX bibliography style creates references with labels:
% \protect\BCAY{full author list}{abbrev. author list}{year}
%
%%%%%
% [2] Citation Formats
%
% The citations are enclosed within parentheses ``( ... )''
% as default. But one may change them using \citepunct.
% Short author lists use the ``et al.'' construct.
% These labels are processed by the following LaTeX commands:
%
%%%
% \cite<optional prefix note>[optional notes]{Key(s)}
% -> (prefix note Authors, Year, optional notes)
% For example: \cite<e.g.\ see>[p.~32]{Apt88}
% => (e.g. see Apt, 1988, p. 32)
% -> automatically switches from \fullcite to \shortcite
% \citeA[optional notes]{keys}
% -> automatically switches from \fullciteA to \shortciteA
% \citeB[optional notes>{keys}
% = \citeA
% \citeauthor{key}
% -> automatically switches from \fullciteauthor to \shortciteauthor
% \citeC{keys}
% = \citeauthor{keys}
% \citeyear[optional notes]{key(s)} -> (Year1, Year2, ...)
%
%%%
% \nocite{aaa,bbb} makes following \cite{aaa}, \cite{bbb}, etc.
% short citations.
% \nocite{*} does not make following \cite{...}, etc. short citations.
% ^^^
%%%
% \fullcite<optional prefix note>[optional notes]{Key(s)}
% -> (prefix note Authors1, Year1; Authors2, Year2; ..., optional notes)
% \fullciteA[optional notes]{keys}
% -> Authors1 (Year1), ..., AuthorsN (YearN, optional notes)
% \fullciteB[optional notes]{keys}
% = \fullciteA[optional notes]{keys}
% \fullciteauthor{keys}
% -> Authors1, Authors2, ...
% \fullciteC{keys}
% = \fullciteauthor
%
%%%
% The difference between `\shortciteXXX' and `\fullciteXXX':
% is that `\shortciteXXX' gives `First author et al.'
% if no. authors >= 3.
%
% \shortcite<optional prefix note>[optional notes]{Key(s)}
% -> (prefix note Short Authors1, Year1; ..., optional notes)
% \shortciteA[optional notes]{keys}
% -> Short Authors1 (Year1), ..., Short AuthorsN (YearN, optional notes)
% \shortciteB[optional notes]{keys}
% = \shortciteA[optional notes]{keys}
% \shortciteauthor{keys}
% -> Short Authors1, Short Authors2, ...
% \shortciteC{keys}
% = \shortciteauthor
%
%%%%%
% [3] Changing Citation Punctuations
%
% \citepunct{open paren}%
% {between authors in parenthesis and ref. sec}%
% {between authors in text}%
% {between author(s) and year}%
% {between citations}%
% {before notes}%
% {closing paren}%
% {open quote for article titles}%
% {closing quote for article titles}
%
% For example,
% \citepunct{[}{and}{\&}{ }{, }{: }{]}{``}{,''}
% - use square brackets
% `and' between authors in parenthesis and ref. sec.
% '&' between authors in text
% space between author and year
% comma between citations
% comma before notes
% e.g. [Apt and van Emden 1986, Lloyd 1985: Notes]
% e.g. Apt & van Emden [1986]
% - ``article title,'' (in double quote marks and comma in them)
%
% The default is:
% \citepunct{(}{\&}{and}{, }{; }{, }{)}{}{.}
%
% Notice spaces around punctuations in \citepunct!!!
%
% In Ref. Sec, a comma is placed before \&, even if no. of authors = 2.
% \NoCommaBetweenTwoAuthors
% removes such commas in Ref. Sec.
% But, a comma will be still placed before \& if no. of authors >= 3.
%
%%%%%
% [4] Changing Citation Labels
%
% \citelabels{editor label}%
% {editors label}%
% {volume label}%
% {number label}%
% {edition label}%
% {page label}%
% {pages label}%
% {chapter label}%
% {tech. rep. label}
%
% For example,
% \citelabels{, editor}{, editors}{Volume}{Number}{edition}%
% {page}{pages}{chapter}{Technical report}
%
% The default is:
% \citelabels{ (Ed.)}{ (Eds.)}{Vol.}{No.}{edition}%
% {p.}{pp.}{chap.}{Tech.\ rep.}
%
% Notice spaces around lables in \citelabels!!!
%
%%%%%
% [5] Enforcing APA Style Section Heading
%
% A. Place one of the following between \documentstyle[...]{...}
% and \begin{document}:
%
% \OneLevelHeading \TwoLevelHeading \TwoLevelHeadingA
% \ThreeLevelHeading \FourLevelHeading \FiveLevelHeading
%
% to enforce APA style section heading.
%
% Read the following notes to understand what they do.
%
% B. The follow 5 levels of APA section headings are defined
% \levelone{...}
% ^^^ Normalsize, Centered, Uppercase, Boldface
% \leveltwo{...}
% ^^^ Normalsize, Centered, Boldfaced
% \levelthree{...}
% ^^^^^ Normalsize, Centered, Underlined
% \levelfour{...}
% ^^^^ Normalsize, Flushleft, Unindented, Underlined
% \levelfive{...}
% ^^^^ Normalsize, Flushleft, Indented, Underlined
% followed by texts in the same line
%
% However, you will *not* use \levelone{...}, \leveltwo{...}, etc.
% in your document. Instead, you will use \section*[...]{...},
% \subsection*[...]{...}, etc. Read the following notes.
%
% Note: According to the APA manual (p. 66), Level One & Two
% Headings are NOT boldfaced. To strictly enforce
% APA requirements, remove \bf in \levelone and \leveltwo
% macros.
%
% C. If you don't like spaces before and after section headings,
% modify \b@level@one@skip, \e@level@one@skip,
% \b@level@two@skip, \e@level@two@skip, etc.
% See comments around their definitions.
%
% D. Level 3, 4, and 5 underlines are placed by \ULine{...}
% of ulem.sty ((C) Donald Arseneau) that is attached in the
% end of this file. This is because \ULine allows line
% breaks, while \underbar{...} and \underline{...} do not,
% when the heading is longer than the \textwidth (minus 8em).
% If you don't like the way \ULine places underlines,
% (1) replace \ULine in \levelthree, \levelfour, and \levelfive macros
% with \underbar or \underline. In that case, however, if the heading
% is long, LaTeX will complain about overfull \hbox; alternatively
% (2) modify and improve `ulem.sty' and send me a copy (thanks).
%
% E. The APA manual suggests 6 ways of using heading levels:
% \OneLevelHeading: \section = \leveltwo (toc)
% \TwoLevelHeading: \section = \leveltwo (toc)
% \subsection = \levelfour (toc)
% \TwoLevelHeadingA: \section = \leveltwo (toc)
% \subsection = \levelfive
% \ThreeLevelHeading: \section = \leveltwo (toc)
% \subsection = \levelfour (toc)
% \subsubsection = \levelfive
% \FourLevelHeading: \section = \leveltwo (toc)
% \subsection = \levelthree (toc)
% \subsubsection = \levelfour (toc)
% \paragraph = \levelfive
% \FiveLevelHeading: \section = \levelone (toc)
% \subsection = \leveltwo (toc)
% \subsubsection = \levelthree (toc)
% \paragraph = \levelfour
% \subparagraph = \levelfive
%
% F. \section{AAA}: AAA = heading, page head, table of contents
% \section*{AAA}: AAA = heading
% \section[BBB]{AAA}: AAA = heading; BBB = page head, table of contents
%
% \subsection{AAA}: AAA = heading, table of contents
% \subsection*{AAA}: AAA = heading
% \subsection[BBB]{AAA}: AAA = heading; BBB = table of contents
%
% (Exception: When \TwoLevelHeadingA is used -
% \subsection{AAA}: AAA = heading
% \subsection*{AAA} - not allowed
% \subsection[BBB]{AAA} - not allowed)
%
% \subsubsection{AAA}: AAA = heading, table of contents
% \subsubsection*{AAA}: AAA = heading
% \subsubsection[BBB]{AAA}: AAA = heading; BBB = table of contents
%
% (Exception: When \ThreeLevelHeading is used -
% \subsubsection{AAA}: AAA = heading
% \subsubsection*{AAA} - not allowed
% \subsubsection[BBB]{AAA} - not allowed)
%
% \paragraph{AAA}: AAA = heading
%
% \subparagraph{AAA}: AAA = heading
%
%%%%%
% [6] APA Seriations
%
% A. seriate environment:
% For example, the following:
%
% Blah blah blah
% \begin{seriate}
% \item first item,
% \item second item.
% \end{seriate}
% Blah blah blah
%
% results in:
%
% Blah blah blah (a) first item, (b) second item. Blah blah blah
%
% B. APAenumerate environment
% For example, the following:
%
% Blah blah blah
% \begin{APAenumerate}
% \item first item ... ... ... continue continue
% \item second item ... ... ... continue continue
% \end{APAenumerate}
% Blah blah blah
%
% results in:
%
% Blah blah blah
% 1. first item ... ... ...
% continue continue
% 2. second item ... ... ...
% continue continue
% Blah blah blah
%
% C. APAitemize environment
% For example, the following:
%
% Blah blah blah
% \begin{APAitemize}
% \item first item ... ... ... continue continue
% \item second item ... ... ... continue continue
% \end{APAitemize}
% Blah blah blah
%
% results in:
%
% Blah blah blah
% o first item ... ... ...
% continue continue
% o second item ... ... ...
% continue continue
% Blah blah blah
%
%%%%%
% [7] Others
%
% A. If you use a language other than English,
% You probably want to change reference and bibliography names.
% Defaults are English names:
%
% e.g. \def\refname{Reference}
% e.g. \def\bibname{Bibliography}
%
% Place those definitions on the top of your document or
% before \bibliography or \begin{thebibliography}.
%
% B. As default, BibTeX changes cases of article titles.
%
% e.g. Your Entry in xxx.bib: Formal Representation of ZZZ
% Your will get: Formal representation of zzz
% e.g. Your Entry in xxx.bib: Formal Representation of {ZZZ}
% Your will get: Formal representation of ZZZ
%
% If you don't want to change cases of article title, see
% Version 2.5 Update Notes in `theapa.bst'.
%
% C. `mastersreport', `dbathesis', `eddthesis' added in theapa.bst.
% Why? - Some schools also allow master's report as well as
% master's thesis.
% - DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) and
% Ed.D. (Doctor of Education) are also popluar
% doctoral degrees.
%
% D. Underlined (not italic) book titles, etc.
% - A few journal publication editors and schools,
% who do not appreciate new electronic typesetting and
% desktop publishing technologies, require underlined
% book titles, etc.
% - To do this, I included `ulem.sty' (C) 1989 by Donald Arseneau.
% - `\UnderlinedBemOnly' underlines book titles, etc. in Reference.
% `\UnderlinedEm' replaces emphasized texts by underlined texts
% both in the body and references of your document.
%
% E. Not implemented yet (!): to be implemented soon
% - None
%
% F. Not implemented: I don't know if I can do in the near future !!! ;-)
% - Same last name but different people
%
% (C. Lewis, 1958; D. Lewis, 1973)
% ^ ^
% G. NO GUARANTEE, absolutely (You know what I mean.)
%
% H. Bug and/or suggestion reports
% - Your bug and/or suggestion report(s) is (are) welcome(d).
% - E-mail me:
%
% young@emx.utexas.edu (Internet)
% ^^^^^
% youngr@utxvm (Bitnet)
% ^
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\typeout{APA Citation (& Optional APA Heading) Style - Version 2.5.1 (5/92)}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% PART I: APA CITATION %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% cite punctuations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\BBOP{(} % open parenthesis
\def\BBAA{\&} % between authors in parenthesis and ref. sec.
\def\BBAB{and} % between authors in text
\def\BBAY{, } % between author(s) and year
\def\BBC{; } % between cites
\def\BBN{, } % before note
\def\BBCP{)} % closing parenthesis
\def\BBOQ{} % open quote for article title
\def\BBCQ{.} % closing quote for article title
%
\def\BBA{\BBAA}
%
\def\citepunct#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{%
\def\BBOP{#1}
\def\BBAA{#2}
\def\BBAB{#3}
\def\BBAY{#4}
\def\BBC{#5}
\def\BBN{#6}
\def\BBCP{#7}
\def\BBOQ{#8}
\def\BBCQ{#9}
\def\BBA{\BBAA}}
%
\def\BBACOMMA{,} % comma between authors in ref. sec
% when no. of authors = 2
\def\NoCommaBetweenTwoAuthors{\def\BBACOMMA{}}
%
\let\Bem\em
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% cite labels %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\BED{ (Ed.)} % editor
\def\BEDS{ (Eds.)} % editors
\def\BVOL{Vol.} % volume name
\def\BNUM{No.} % number name
\def\BEd{edition} % edition
\def\BPG{p.} % page
\def\BPGS{pp.} % pages
\def\BCH{chap.} % chapter
\def\BTR{Tech.\ rep.} % (default) technical report type name
\def\citelabels#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{%
\def\BED{#1} % editor
\def\BEDS{#2}
\def\BVOL{#3}
\def\BNUM{#4}
\def\BEd{#5} % edition
\def\BPG{#6}
\def\BPGS{#7}
\def\BCH{#8}
\def\BTR{#9}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Upper or Lowercase article titles %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \BUcase is dropped in theapa.bst Version 2.5.
% The following three lines are not required in Version 2.5.
% They are here temporally to maintain some compatibility with
% Version 2.4; but will be removed in the next revision.
\def\@Ucase#1{\uppercase{#1}}
\def\BUcase#1{\lowercase{\@Ucase #1}}
\def\NoTitleCaseChange{\def\BUcase##1{##1}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% citations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\def\BBA{\BBAA}\item[\@biblabel{#1}]\if@filesw
{ \def\BBA{\string\BBA}%
\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}%
\def\BBA{\BBAA}}\fi\ignorespaces}
% Year is separately handled by \Y<citation key>
\def\bibcite#1#2{\global\expandafter\def\csname b@#1\endcsname{#2}% names
\global\expandafter\def\csname Y@#1\endcsname{\@year@#2}}% year
\def\@year@\BCAY#1#2#3{#3}
% first author of a multi-author reference?
\newif\if@F@cite\@F@citetrue
%
% \cite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullcite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortcite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% writes \citation{keys} on .aux
% produces (prefix Authors1, Year1; Authors2, Year2; ..., postfix)
%
\def\cite{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
\@ifnextchar<{\@cite}{\@cite<>}}
\def\fullcite{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
\@ifnextchar<{\@cite}{\@cite<>}}
\def\shortcite{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
\@ifnextchar<{\@cite}{\@cite<>}}
\def\@cite<#1>{\@ifnextchar[{\def\@BBN{\BBN}\@@cite<#1>}%
{\def\@BBN{\ignorespaces}\@@cite<#1>[]}}
\def\@@cite<#1>[#2]#3{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#3}}\fi%
\edef\@citeP{}%
\BBOP{\ignorespaces#1\space}%
\@for\@citeb:=#3\do{%
\@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}%
{\expandafter\def\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\expandafter\def\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
}%
{\@ifundefined{flag@\@citeb}%
{\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@\@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
\def\BCA##1##2{##1}}%
{\def\BCA##1##2{##2}}%
}%
\edef\B@my@dummy{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\ifx\@citeP\B@my@dummy%
\if@F@cite\@F@citefalse\else{,\ }\fi%
\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\else%
\if@F@cite\@F@citefalse\else{\BBC}\fi%
\edef\@cite@undefined{?}%
\ifx\@cite@undefined\B@my@dummy%
\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\else%
\def\BBA{\BBAA}%
\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\BBAY\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\fi%
\fi%
\edef\@citeP{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
}{\@BBN #2}\BBCP%
\@F@citetrue}
%
% \citeA[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteA[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteA[postfix]{keys}
% writes \citation{keys} on .aux
% produces Authors1 (Year1), ..., AuthorN (YearN, postfix)
%
\def\citeA{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
\@ifnextchar[{\def\@BBN{\BBN}\@citeA}%
{\def\@BBN{\ignorespaces}\@citeA[]}}
\def\fullciteA{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
\@ifnextchar[{\def\@BBN{\BBN}\@citeA}%
{\def\@BBN{\ignorespaces}\@citeA[]}}
\def\shortciteA{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
\@ifnextchar[{\def\@BBN{\BBN}\@citeA}%
{\def\@BBN{\ignorespaces}\@citeA[]}}
\def\@citeA[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
\edef\@citeP{}%
\@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
\@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}%
{\expandafter\def\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\expandafter\def\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
}%
{\@ifundefined{flag@\@citeb}%
{\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@\@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
\def\BCA##1##2{##1}}%
{\def\BCA##1##2{##2}}%
}%
\edef\B@my@dummy{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\ifx\@citeP\B@my@dummy%
\if@F@cite\@F@citefalse\else{,\ }\fi%
\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\else%
\if@F@cite\@F@citefalse\else{\BBCP,\ }\fi%
\def\BBA{\BBAB}%
\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\ \BBOP\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\fi%
\edef\@citeP{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
}{\@BBN #1}\BBCP%
\@F@citetrue}
%
% \citeauthor{keys}
% \fullciteauthor{keys}
% \shortciteauthor{keys}
% writes \citation{keys} on .aux
% produces Authors1, ..., AuthorN
%
\def\citeauthor{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}\@citeauthor}
\def\fullciteauthor{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}\@citeauthor}
\def\shortciteauthor{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}\@citeauthor}
\def\@citeauthor#1{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}\fi%
\edef\@citeP{}%
\@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
\@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}%
{\expandafter\def\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\expandafter\def\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
}%
{\@ifundefined{flag@\@citeb}%
{\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@\@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
\def\BCA##1##2{##1}}%
{\def\BCA##1##2{##2}}%
}%
\edef\B@my@dummy{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\ifx\@citeP\B@my@dummy%
\else%
\if@F@cite\@F@citefalse\else{,\ }\fi%
\def\BBA{\BBAB}%
\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname%\ \BBOP\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\fi%
\edef\@citeP{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
}%
\@F@citetrue}
%
% \citeyear[postfix]{keys}
% writes \citation{keys} on .aux
% produces (Year1, ..., YearN, postfix)
%
\def\citeyear{\def\BCAY##1##2##3{}%
\@ifnextchar[{\def\@BBN{\BBN}\@citeyear}%
{\def\@BBN{\ignorespaces}\@citeyear[]}}
\def\@citeyear[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
\edef\@citeP{}%
\BBOP\@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
\@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}%
{\expandafter\def\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\expandafter\def\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname{?}%
\@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
}%
{\@ifundefined{flag@\@citeb}%
{\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@\@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}}%
{}%
}%
\edef\B@my@dummy{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\if@F@cite\@F@citefalse\else{,\ }\fi%
\csname Y@\@citeb\endcsname%
\edef\@citeP{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
}{\@BBN #1}\BBCP%
\@F@citetrue}
\def\nocite#1{\@bsphack%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}\fi%
\@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
\@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}%
{\edef\B@my@dummy{*}%
\ifx\@citeb\B@my@dummy\else
\@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}\fi}%
{\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@\@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}}}%
\@esphack}
%
% To maintain compatibility with Version 2.4
% \citeB = \citeA
% \fullciteB = \fullciteA
% \shortciteB = \shortciteA
% \citeC = \citeauthor
% \fullciteC = \fullciteauthor
% \shortciteC = \shortciteauthor
\let\citeB=\citeA
\let\fullciteB=\fullciteA
\let\shortciteB=\shortciteA
\let\citeC=\citeauthor
\let\fullciteC=\fullciteauthor
\let\shortciteC=\shortciteauthor
%
% No labels in the bibliography.
\def\@biblabel#1{}
\newskip{\bibleftmargin}
\bibleftmargin=2.5em
%
%\def\refname{Reference} %<------------------------------------
%\def\bibname{Bibliography}
%
\def\thebibliography#1{%
\@ifundefined{chapter}%
{\section*{\refname}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}}%
{\chapter*{\bibname}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{\bibname}}{\uppercase{\bibname}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}}
\list
{\relax}{\labelsep=0em
\leftmargin=\bibleftmargin
\itemindent=-\bibleftmargin}
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% PART II: APA SECTION HEADING & SERIATION %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \apa@startsection{Heading Indent}{Beforeskip}{Afterskip}{Heading}
%
\def\apa@startsection#1#2#3{\@startsection{}{}{#1}{#2}{#3}{\relax}*}
%
% \b@level@LEVEL-NO@skip
% Skip before heading: If >= 0, the following par is NOT indented.
% If < 0, it is indented.
% \b@level@LEVEL-NO@skip = vertical skip
%
% \e@level@LEVEL-NO@skip
% Skip after heading: If > 0, the following par starts in a new line;
% \e@level@LEVEL-NO@skip = vertical skip
% If <= 0, it starts just after the heading;
% \e@level@LEVEL-NO@skip = horizontal skip
%
\newskip\b@level@one@skip \b@level@one@skip=2.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex
\newskip\e@level@one@skip \e@level@one@skip=1.5ex plus .6ex minus .1ex
\newskip\b@level@two@skip \b@level@two@skip=2.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex
\newskip\e@level@two@skip \e@level@two@skip=1.5ex plus .6ex minus .1ex
\newskip\b@level@three@skip \b@level@three@skip=2.0ex plus .8ex minus .2ex
\newskip\e@level@three@skip \e@level@three@skip=1.5ex plus .6ex minus .1ex
\newskip\b@level@four@skip \b@level@four@skip=1.8ex plus .8ex minus .2ex
\newskip\e@level@four@skip \e@level@four@skip=1.5ex plus .6ex minus .1ex
\newskip\b@level@five@skip \b@level@five@skip=1.8ex plus .8ex minus .2ex
\newskip\e@level@five@skip \e@level@five@skip=0ex
%
% (APA, p. 66)
% Level One: Centered Boldface Uppercase Heading
% Level Two: Centered Boldface Heading
% Level Three: Centered Underlined Heading
% Level Four: Flushleft Underlined Heading occuping a whole line
% Level Five: Intended Underlined Heading followed by texts in the same line
%
% NOTE: According to the APA manual, Level One & Two headings are
% NOT boldfaced. If you want to follow the manual strictly,
% remove \bf in \levelone and \leveltwo macros.
%
\def\levelone#1{\apa@startsection%
{\z@}{\b@level@one@skip}{\e@level@one@skip}%
{\leftskip4em plus 1fill\rightskip\leftskip\parindent\z@\relax%
\bf\uppercase\expandafter{#1}}} % <- \bf
\def\leveltwo#1{\apa@startsection%
{\z@}{\b@level@two@skip}{\e@level@two@skip}%
{\leftskip4em plus 1fill\rightskip\leftskip\parindent\z@\relax%
\bf #1}} % <- \bf
\def\levelthree#1{\apa@startsection%
{\z@}{\b@level@three@skip}{\e@level@three@skip}%
{\leftskip4em plus 1fill\rightskip\leftskip\parindent\z@\relax%
\ULine{#1}}}
\def\levelfour#1{\apa@startsection%
{\z@}{\b@level@four@skip}{\e@level@four@skip}{\ULine{#1}}}
\def\levelfive#1{\apa@startsection%
{\parindent}{\b@level@five@skip}{\e@level@five@skip}{\ULine{#1}.}}
%
% Selecting the Levels of Headings (APA, pp. 66-67)
%
% One Level
\def\OneLevelHeading{%
\def\section{\@ifnextchar*{\@sections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@sectionb}{\@section}}}%
\def\@sections*##1{\leveltwo{##1}}%
\def\@sectionb[##1]##2{\leveltwo{##2}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
\def\@section##1{\leveltwo{##1}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
}
% Two Levels
\def\TwoLevelHeading{%
\def\section{\@ifnextchar*{\@sections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@sectionb}{\@section}}}%
\def\@sections*##1{\leveltwo{##1}}%
\def\@sectionb[##1]##2{\leveltwo{##2}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
\def\@section##1{\leveltwo{##1}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
%
\def\subsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@subsectionb}{\@subsection}}}%
\def\@subsections*##1{\levelfour{##1}}%
\def\@subsectionb[##1]##2{\levelfour{##2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
\def\@subsection##1{\levelfour{##1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
}
% Two Levels - Variation
\def\TwoLevelHeadingA{%
\def\section{\@ifnextchar*{\@sections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@sectionb}{\@section}}}%
\def\@sections*##1{\leveltwo{##1}}%
\def\@sectionb[##1]##2{\leveltwo{##2}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
\def\@section##1{\leveltwo{##1}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
%
\let\subsection=\levelfive%
}
% Three Levels
\def\ThreeLevelHeading{%
\def\section{\@ifnextchar*{\@sections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@sectionb}{\@section}}}%
\def\@sections*##1{\leveltwo{##1}}%
\def\@sectionb[##1]##2{\leveltwo{##2}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
\def\@section##1{\leveltwo{##1}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
%
\def\subsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@subsectionb}{\@subsection}}}%
\def\@subsections*##1{\levelfour{##1}}%
\def\@subsectionb[##1]##2{\levelfour{##2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
\def\@subsection##1{\levelfour{##1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
%
\let\subsubsection=\levelfive
% If you want subsubsection headings listed in the table of contents
% remove the above \let\subsub... and uncomment the following.
% \def\subsubsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsubsections}%
% {\@ifnextchar[{\@subsubsectionb}{\@subsubsection}}}%
% \def\@subsubsections*##1{\levelfive{##1}}%
% \def\@subsubsectionb[##1]##2{\levelfive{##2}%
% \addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{##1}}%
% \def\@subsubsection##1{\levelfive{##1}%
% \addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{##1}}%
}
% Four Levels
\def\FourLevelHeading{%
\def\section{\@ifnextchar*{\@sections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@sectionb}{\@section}}}%
\def\@sections*##1{\leveltwo{##1}}%
\def\@sectionb[##1]##2{\leveltwo{##2}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
\def\@section##1{\leveltwo{##1}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
%
\def\subsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@subsectionb}{\@subsection}}}%
\def\@subsections*##1{\levelthree{##1}}%
\def\@subsectionb[##1]##2{\levelthree{##2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
\def\@subsection##1{\levelthree{##1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
%
\def\subsubsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsubsections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@subsubsectionb}{\@subsubsection}}}%
\def\@subsubsections*##1{\levelfour{##1}}%
\def\@subsubsectionb[##1]##2{\levelfour{##2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{##1}}%
\def\@subsubsection##1{\levelfour{##1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{##1}}%
%
\let\paragraph=\levelfive%
}
% Five Levels
\def\FiveLevelHeading{%
\def\section{\@ifnextchar*{\@sections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@sectionb}{\@section}}}%
\def\@sections*##1{\levelone{##1}}%
\def\@sectionb[##1]##2{\levelone{##2}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
\def\@section##1{\levelone{##1}%
\@mkboth{\uppercase{##1}}{\uppercase{##1}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{##1}}%
%
\def\subsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@subsectionb}{\@subsection}}}%
\def\@subsections*##1{\leveltwo{##1}}%
\def\@subsectionb[##1]##2{\leveltwo{##2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
\def\@subsection##1{\leveltwo{##1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{##1}}%
%
\def\subsubsection{\@ifnextchar*{\@subsubsections}%
{\@ifnextchar[{\@subsubsectionb}{\@subsubsection}}}%
\def\@subsubsections*##1{\levelthree{##1}}%
\def\@subsubsectionb[##1]##2{\levelthree{##2}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{##1}}%
\def\@subsubsection##1{\levelthree{##1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{##1}}%
%
\let\paragraph=\levelfour%
\let\subparagraph=\levelfive%
}
%
% Seriations (pp. 66-68): ONE level of seriation only.
% \begin{seriate} \item ... \end{seriate}
% within a paragraph or sentence
% \begin{APAenumerate} \item ... \end{APAenumerate}
% at the start of each paragraph in a series
% with enumeration
% \begin{APAitemize} \item ... \end{APAitemize}
% at the start of each paragraph in a series
% without enumeration
%
% Refer to LaTeX book to modify, if you want, spaces before and after of
% \begin{...} ... \end{...} or spaces between \item-s.
\newcounter{APAenum}
\newskip\@text@par@indent
\def\APAenumerate{\@text@par@indent\parindent\setbox0\hbox{1. }%
\list{\arabic{APAenum}.}{\usecounter{APAenum}
\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\leftmargin\z@\parsep\z@
\rightmargin\z@\itemsep\z@\topsep\z@\partopsep\z@
\itemindent\@text@par@indent\advance\itemindent by\wd0
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1 }}}}
\let\endAPAenumerate=\endlist
\def\seriate{\@bsphack\begingroup%
\setcounter{APAenum}{0}%
\def\item{\addtocounter{APAenum}{1}(\alph{APAenum})\space}%
\ignorespaces}
\def\endseriate{\endgroup\@esphack}
\def\APAitemize{\@text@par@indent\parindent\setbox0\hbox{$\bullet$}%
\list{$\bullet$}{%
\labelwidth\z@\labelsep.5em\leftmargin\z@\parsep\z@
\rightmargin\z@\itemsep\z@\topsep\z@\partopsep\z@
\itemindent\@text@par@indent
\advance\itemindent by\wd0\advance\itemindent by.5em
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}}
\let\endAPAitemize=\endlist
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% PART III: UNDELINE STUFF (ulem.sty) %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% ulem.sty - Copyright (c) 1989 by Donald Arseneau %
% %
% These macros may be freely transmitted, reproduced, or modified for %
% non-commercial purposes provided that this notice is left intact. %
% (Donald Arseneau's Copyright Notice) %
% %
% Comments on macros are removed. Please refer to the ulem.sty file %
% for detailed macros. %
% %
% Two ways to underline texts: %
% {\ULem Blah Blah Blah} %
% ^ ^ %
% \ULine{Blah Blah Blah} %
% ^ ^ %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\ULem{\let\em\LA@em
\expandafter\UL@on\expandafter{\ifnum0=`}\fi}
\def\ULine{\bgroup\UL@on}
\let\LA@em\em
%\let\em\ULem
%\def\normalem{\let\em\LA@em}
% The above 2 lines are replaced with the following 2 lines by Young Ryu.
\def\UnderlinedBemOnly{\let\Bem\ULem}
\def\UnderlinedEm{\let\em\ULem \let\Bem\ULem}
\newbox\UL@hyphenbox
\newbox\UL@box
\newcount\UL@spfactor
\newcount\UL@penalty
\newskip\UL@skip
\newdimen\UL@lht
\newdimen\UL@ldp
\let\LA@space\ \let\LA@hskip\hskip
\def\UL@end*{\relax\relax}
\def\UL@on#1{\leavevmode\everymath{\UL@hrest}\let\-\UL@dischyp
\let\ \UL@space \let\hskip\UL@hskip
\setbox\UL@box\hbox{(}\UL@ldp\dp\UL@box \UL@lht-\UL@ldp\advance\UL@lht.4\p@
\setbox\UL@hyphenbox\hbox{\setbox\UL@box\hbox{-}\UL@putbox}%
\UL@word#1\global\UL@spfactor\spacefactor{} \UL@end* }
\let\UL@unegroup\@empty
\def\UL@start{\setbox\UL@box\hbox\bgroup\everyhbox{\UL@hrest}%
\let\UL@start\@empty \let\UL@putbox\@empty \let\UL@unegroup\bgroup
\kern-3sp\kern3sp}
\def\UL@stop{\global\UL@penalty\lastpenalty
\ifdim\lastkern=3sp \egroup
\ifdim\wd\UL@box=\z@
\else \UL@putbox \fi
\else
\egroup \UL@putbox
\fi\UL@unegroup}
\def\UL@putbox{{\UL@skip\wd\UL@box \advance\UL@skip\UL@pixel
\vrule \@height\UL@lht \@depth\UL@ldp \@width\UL@skip
\kern-\UL@skip}\box\UL@box
\ifnum\UL@penalty=\z@ \else \penalty\UL@penalty \fi}
\def\UL@word#1 {\UL@start#1 \ifx\UL@end#1\egroup
\unkern \unskip
\spacefactor\UL@spfactor \let\UL@word\egroup
\else
\ifmmode\else \ifdim\lastskip=\z@\else
\global\UL@skip\lastskip \unskip
\UL@stop \UL@leaders
\fi\fi
\fi \UL@word}
\newdimen\UL@pixel \UL@pixel=0.0033333truein
\def\UL@leaders{{\advance \UL@skip \UL@pixel
\leaders\hrule \@height\UL@lht \@depth\UL@ldp\LA@hskip\UL@skip
\kern-\UL@pixel}}
\def\UL@hskip{\afterassignment\UL@reskip \global\UL@skip}
\def\UL@reskip{\UL@stop \UL@leaders \UL@start}
\def\UL@hrest{\let\hskip\LA@hskip \let\ \LA@space \let\-\UL@dischyp}
\def\UL@space{\LA@space \global\UL@skip\lastskip \unskip \UL@reskip}
\def\UL@dischyp{\penalty\z@
\UL@stop \discretionary{\copy\UL@hyphenbox}{}{}\UL@start}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% End of ulem.sty %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%